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Begin your macroeconomics��education by studying the aggregate economy. Focus on short-term economic fluctuations and long-term��growth��and��debate the role of government in economic management. Learn basic macroeconomic models and apply them to real-world situations.

Start your journey in microeconomics. Analyse household and firm choices, market demand and supply, and various market structures, such as perfect competition and monopolistic firms. Learn to evaluate economic outcomes and market failures��and develop essential skills for studying economics.

This module offers an introduction to key topics in practical philosophy. You’ll explore areas such as moral, political, and social philosophy. Rather than just learning about the views of specific philosophers, you’ll actively engage with the problems and puzzles these areas present.��
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The module encourages you to see the connections between different philosophical areas, reflecting on their methodological similarities and differences. You’ll develop diverse approaches to key positions in practical philosophy, honing skills in argument reconstruction and evaluation.��
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By the end of this module, you’ll have a solid foundation for reconstructing, evaluating, and articulating philosophical positions in future modules. Running alongside our autumn core module, this course ensures you gain essential knowledge and techniques in practical philosophy.��

This module offers an engaging introduction to key topics in theoretical philosophy, laying the groundwork for further study. You’ll explore areas such as logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of mind. Rather than just learning about the views of specific philosophers, you’ll actively engage with the problems and puzzles these areas present.��

The module encourages you to see the connections between different philosophical areas, reflecting on their methodological similarities and differences. You’ll develop diverse philosophical skills, including logical techniques, argument reconstruction, identifying reasoning fallacies, reflecting on personal experiences, and political critique.��

Uncover the��major issues��in global politics,��from security threats to inaction on climate change. This module uses real-world examples to help you understand the complexities of international relations and the roles of states and non-state actors in addressing global problems, while taking a close look at the nature of ‘global��politics’��itself.

Develop your skills in mathematical and statistical methods for economic��modelling. Focus on mathematical finance,��function analysis, differentiation, optimisation, integration,��statistical methods and concepts��and regression analysis. Apply these techniques to understand and solve economic problems.

Get to grips with the big questions in international politics and the theories that explain them.��You'll��explore both traditional and modern approaches to understanding global issues, providing a solid foundation for further study in international relations.

Study intermediate macroeconomics, covering goods,��labour��and money markets. Analyse policy questions related to exchange rates, monetary and fiscal��policy��and economic inequality. Understand the��main issues��and developments in modern macroeconomics.

Build on your first-year microeconomics knowledge with intermediate topics like general equilibrium, welfare��economics��and game theory. Analyse the strategic��behaviour��of firms,��voters��and governments. Develop your analytical skills through diagrams and mathematical techniques.

This module offers inspiring content drawn from our department’s diverse research interests and current trends in the philosophical community. You’ll explore topics like the philosophy of video games, the family, AI, the transhumanist movement, deepfakes, and happiness economics, alongside traditional philosophical themes.��
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Throughout the module, you’ll get a taste of these topics and demonstrate your understanding through assessments like short exams. You’ll also be encouraged to reflect on your philosophical interests, with the aim of sparking a passion for independent or collaborative research.����
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This module is designed to foster engagement in higher-level philosophical activities, encouraging you to reflect on your personal interests and philosophical development.��
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By showcasing the department’s current research, the module aims to inspire interest in contemporary philosophical issues. You’ll gain insights into various specialist topics that you might pursue in further modules or as research projects. The module also introduces diverse research methods in both theoretical and practical philosophy.��
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Join us to explore cutting-edge philosophical debates and develop your skills in critical thinking, research, and reflection.��

This module offers inspiring and motivating content, drawing from our staff’s diverse research interests and current trends in the philosophical community. You’ll explore topics like the philosophy of video games, the family, AI, the transhumanist movement, deepfakes and happiness economics, alongside traditional philosophical themes.

Throughout the module, you’ll also be encouraged to reflect on your philosophical interests, with the aim of sparking a passion for independent or collaborative research.

By showcasing the department’s current research, the module aims to inspire interest in contemporary philosophical issues. You’ll gain insights into various specialist topics that you might pursue in further modules or as research projects. The module also introduces diverse research methods in both theoretical and practical philosophy.

Explore factors influencing growth and development, focusing on economic policies, international��organisations��and historical and geographical determinants. Study topics like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, climate��change��and trade policy. Analyse real-world development issues using economic theory.

The aims of the module are to develop your understanding of experimental economics and the main approaches of behavioural economics. It will illustrate different types of experiment that can be undertaken in economics and enable you to understand their designs and purposes, and to assess their strengths and weaknesses.��

This module covers:

• saving, focusing on how agents make intertemporal decisions about their savings and wealth accumulation
• saving puzzles and household portfolios, focusing on��credit markets and credit markets' imperfections, and why do households hold different kinds of assets
• asset allocation and asset pricing, focusing on intertemporal portfolio selection, asset pricing and the equity premium puzzle
• bond markets and fixed income securities
• the term structure of interest rates
• the role of behavioural finance in explaining stock market puzzles

Analyse the organisation of firms and industries with a focus on market competition. Study various market structures, especially imperfect competition. Understand alternative theories of market structure and��performance��and��evaluate their empirical evidence.

Module description to be confirmed.

Gain advanced analytical tools to understand global economies. Study comparative advantage, economic��integration��and the impact of globalisation. Analyse trade benefits, economic inequalities��and the role of international��production and��labour��migration.��Develop theoretical and empirical skills to interpret trade dynamics.

Examine��labour��market economics with a focus on policy implications and institutional arrangements. Study worker compensation schemes and their impact on productivity. Analyse theoretical and empirical aspects of the UK��labour��market and develop presentation and essay writing skills.

Study recent developments in macroeconomics, focusing on dynamic optimisation,��real business��cycle��theory��and economic growth. Apply these theories to policy issues and understand the techniques used by macroeconomic researchers.

Explore advanced mathematical techniques used in economic analysis. Study topics like optimisation, dynamic��analysis��and game theory. Develop a rigorous understanding of mathematical tools and their applications in economic theory.

Deepen your understanding of microeconomic theory with a focus on decision theory and market��behaviour. Explore the role of information in markets and build on your prior knowledge.��Study��advanced theoretical concepts and��their��practical applications, developing your analytical skills.

Gain a rigorous understanding of monetary economics, covering classical and modern theories. Study central banking, monetary��policy��and the monetary transmission mechanism. Analyse recent developments and debates in monetary economics.

This module will acquaint you with some literature in theoretical and applied political economy. It provides an opportunity for interdisciplinary study within your Economics degree, and it will Enrich your study of economics with insights from political science and political philosophy.

Analyse the role of government in the economy, focusing on tax and welfare policies, social��insurance��and public goods. Study empirical research on current policy issues like inequality and poverty. Develop informed policy judgements and understand the impact of government actions.

This module offers a deep and critical examination of some of the philosophical systems developed by Early Modern or Late Modern thinkers. Each year, the module will focus on the works of one or more philosophers from these eras, such as Spinoza, Leibniz, Anne Conway or Marx. Together we will engage in a detailed and critical analysis of their original texts, exploring and evaluating the groundbreaking ideas introduced during this time—ideas that continue to influence contemporary philosophical debates.

��Indicative topics include:

• Pantheism
• Substance monism
• Monadology
• Panpsychism
• Idealism
• Determinism
• Materialism�� ��

In this module, you will be invited to join a member of the UoN Philosophy department as they engage in a current research project within moral philosophy. Topics covered will vary from year to year, as convenors and their research projects change. However, past projects have included a deep dive into the prospects of Utilitarianism, considering whether it has the resources to match and explain the complexity of our ethical ideas. Future projects may include an assessment of principled moral theories, involving in-depth analysis of rule-consequentialism, contractualism, the Ideal Worlds objection and Rossian pluralism.

In this module, you will be invited to join a member of the UoN Philosophy Department as they engage in a current research project within political philosophy. Topics covered will vary from year to year, as convenors and their research projects change. Past projects have included:��

• an examination of the notion of moral and political equality, considering what it means to say that we are all one another’s equals
• what constitutes the proper demands of an egalitarian society
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Future projects may include, for example, an in-depth examination of Rawls’s Theory of Justice, together with that of his leading critics including Robert Nozick and Gerry Cohen.��

This module is about the ideal of authenticity, roughly: The ideal of being true to oneself. Questions on the agenda might include:

• What is it to be an authentic person and why think that authenticity is a virtue?��
• What is it to have an identity? Should we understand that in terms of second-order endorsement of first-order motives?��
• How is acting freely, responsibly, or autonomously related to acting authentically, if at all?��
• Does being authentic require a capacity for radical Libertarian freedom?
• Is the authentic agent someone who need adhere to moral norms, as those are commonly understood?
• Is acting authentically an antidote to nihilism?
• Is the authentic agent someone who need reject the existence of God?

We will explore questions like those a-historically, but we will also look at how they have been handled by certain historical thinkers, especially the 19th and 20th Century Existentialists. Historical thinkers liable to be on the agenda include:

• Kierkegaard
• Schopenhauer
• Nietzsche
• Heidegger��
• Sartre
• Beauvoir
• Fanon

Any reassessments will take the form of coursework.����

This module will focus on a critical examination of core aspects of Buddhist thinking, with emphasis on some of its basic psychological, spiritual, and metaphysical conceptions.

These include, in particular: the origin and nature of suffering; the no-self thesis; enlightenment; consciousness; experiential knowing; and the doctrine of Emptiness (the lack of inherent nature in all things and impermanence).

Explore China's role as a rising superpower. This module examines China's foreign policy, political and economic relations with major powers��and its global influence, helping you understand the dynamics of China's interactions with the world.

This module will help you develop skills in how to communicate philosophy through a variety of different media by exploring two philosophical ideas and their potential applications, and assessing your ability to demonstrate such applications through short projects, including extensive use of peer-to-peer feedback in small groups.

We will look at how philosophy can be communicated through such forms as legal documentation, press releases, presentations, lesson plans, funding bids, posters and short stories

Examine the role of political ideas and ideologies in contemporary Britain. This module looks at how mainstream and non-mainstream parties and social movements influence policies and practices, helping you understand the significance of political ideologies.

In society we do things with words. We can use language to lie, to praise, to convince, and to insult. We use words and language to think about sexual consent and sexual desire, and discuss the ethics of sex and love. There are words we use every day (“love”, “sex”, “gender”, “disability”, “porn”) which we might struggle to define.������

This module uses methods from feminist philosophy of language and/or the philosophy of sex to investigate these issues. We will consider some of the ethical and political ramifications of speech and language and how it relates to our everyday lives.������

The focus will vary year to year depending on staff availability and research interests. For an idea of what you will study, representative topics include:��

• how we should define and use certain terms (e.g. ‘woman’, ‘disability’ ‘love’ ‘sex’ ‘consent’ ‘sexual desire’ ‘queer’)

• accounts of what it is to lie

• accounts of the social effects of language (slurs, dog whistles and propaganda)

• the harms of speech and how to balance those with the right to speech

• the different ways in which people can be silenced
  

• the ethics of pornography

• the ethics of various sexual preferences (e.g. BDSM, racial preferences, gendered preferences)

Analyse economic policies using examples from environmental economics and international trade. Study climate change policies, discounting future��outcomes��and policy evaluation methods. Apply theoretical and empirical tools to make policy recommendations.

This advanced module explores the historical basis and justification for the role that principles such as simplicity and elegance play in science. In particular, you will explore how – if at all – simplicity and elegance are related to epistemic and predictive success.

You will critically examine the roles of simplicity and elegance as guiding principles in scientific inquiry, drawing on historical and contemporary examples. In the process, you will also examine the reasons that philosophers and scientists from different traditions and time periods have given for thinking that simplicity and elegance are, or are not, virtues of good scientific theories.

In this module we'll ask questions like:

• How should human beings interact with the non-human natural world?
• Is nature intrinsically valuable, or does it possess value only by being valuable to us?

As part of this we'll cover topics such as:

• the moral status of animals
• the ethics of zoos
• responsibility for climate change
• whether there is any connection between the twin oppressions of women and nature
• the environmental impact of having children
• the ethics of restoring nature after it has been damaged by human development

This module is worth 20 credits.

This open project module offers you the opportunity to work independently and creatively on a research project of your own design. With a variety of options for supervision and support, typically you may elect to work on a traditional, solo dissertation, or collaborate with up to three other students to produce a portfolio of written work evidencing your project work. For example, a conference paper and presentation materials or a collection of reflections on your learning journeys alongside a critical theoretical essay.

This module will provide an introduction to international monetary issues, including the determination of exchange rates and international spill-over effects.��

Politics and truth have always had a complicated relationship. Lies, bullshit, spin, and propaganda are nothing new.

Polarization is on the rise in many democracies and political disagreements have spread to disputes about obvious matters of fact.

But have we really entered the era of 'post-truth' politics? Is debate now framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the facts?

In this module, we'll explore questions such as:

• Should the existence of widespread disagreement in politics make us less confident in our own views?
• Are voters morally or epistemically obligated to vote responsibly?
• Is it rational for citizens to base their political views on group identity rather than reasoned arguments?
• Should we have beliefs about complex policy questions about which we are not experts?
• Is democracy the best form of government for getting at the truth?

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This module is worth 20 credits.

Focus on econometric methods for policy evaluation and causal effect estimation. Study regression analysis, instrumental variables,��difference-in-differences��techniques��and regression discontinuity. Apply these methods to cross-section and panel data to understand economic policies and outcomes.

This module will consider mind, psychology, and mental health from a philosophical angle. The module will cover a range of exciting and fundamental topics in the philosophy of mind and psychology (chosen from topics such as, the social mind, animal minds, the nature of consciousness, the mind-body problem, the emotions, imagination, pain, will and action, belief, perception, mind as machine, and artificial intelligence - selected topics will vary from year to year). We will always ask how these relate to mental health.

But the module will also have a more specific focus on mental health as we will take the tools of philosophy of mind and psychology to mental health: we will consider how philosophy of mind and psychology can help us better understand mental health, but also how reflection on mental health can impact work in philosophy of mind and psychology.

So the module will also cover content chosen from topics and areas such as the nature of mental health (and mental illness), delusion, thought-insertion, therapy, self-deception and the philosophy of specific mental disorders (for example., addiction, schizophrenia, depression) - specific topics varying from year to year.

So, in sum the module will combine focus on specific topics in:

• philosophy of mind and psychology (with a mental health angle)
• philosophy of mental health (with a philosophy of mind and psychology angle).

What is the nature of the world? How can we come to know the world? Can we know the world at all? These are some central questions of philosophy, which Ancient Greek philosophers were amongst the first to articulate. This module explores how Ancient Greek philosophers posed and responded to the major questions of metaphysics and epistemology and how later philosophers have received and interpreted those answers.��

You’ll gain an in-depth understanding of Ancient Greek approaches to the relationship between mind and world. In the process, you will have opportunity for close scrutiny of key texts and you’ll be encouraged to develop your interpretation and analytical skills.����

Topics and may include:����

• Presocratic Philosophy��
• Heraclitus��
• Parmenides��
• The Sophistic movement��
• Plato and Platonism��
• Socrates and the Socratic Schools��
• Aristotle��
• Epicurus and Epicureanism��
• Stoicism��
• Academic and Pyrrhonian Scepticism��
• Plotinus and Neoplatonism��
• Pythagoreanism��

Learn programming tools widely used in economics. Study numerical methods like differentiation,��integration��and optimisation. Apply these methods to economic and financial problems using software like Python and��Jupyter��Notebook.

Illness, ageing, death and dying are universal experiences. Yet discussion about them often only happens in times of emotional distress.

Together we'll explore philosophical issues related to human mortality in an open, supportive and compassionate way.

As well as a deeper understanding of the issues you will also build capacity to think sensitively and humanely about the human experience of ageing, illness, and dying.

Typical topics might include:

• experiences of being chronically ill
• psychiatry and mental health
• the oppression of ill persons · illness narratives
• the moral and spiritual significance of illness
• the experience of dying
• empathy, grief, and mourning
• death and the meaning of life
• the significance of human mortality to wider philosophical issues and concerns

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This module is worth 20 credits.

There is perhaps no more vivid example of the exercise of state power over individuals than through the institution of criminal law. The criminal law raises a host of important philosophical questions, such as these:

• Is there a general obligation to obey the law? If so, what is the basis for this obligation?
• What sorts of acts should be criminalised, and why?
• What does it mean for someone to be responsible for a crime, or for the state to hold someone responsible?
• Is criminal punishment justified? If so, why?
• Is the state ever justified in imposing legal restrictions on offenders even after they have completed their punishment?

Readings will include seminal works by historical figures such as Bentham, Mill and Kant, as well as prominent work by more contemporary philosophers such as Hart, Hampton, Duff and others. All reading assignments for this module are accessible to students with no training in criminal law.�� �� ����

Whether dancing with siblings, or completing an exam, or kissing our loved ones goodbye as we set off on journeys of self-discovery, all aspects of our lives are ripe for analysis.��
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You will explore fundamental questions about the nature and purpose of the different elements of our lives and how we live them. Social and political philosophy can be thought to be interested only in the state and its laws, but we will take seriously the idea that the ‘personal’ is philosophical. In doing so we will transgress the boundaries of aesthetics, ethics, political theory, social philosophy and bring to bear whatever philosophical tools seem helpful.�� ��
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This subject matter will be explored either via examination of many different aspects or via focus on a particular area. Topics will vary each year but may include:��

• philosophy of leisure and play��
• philosophy of education��
• philosophy of family��
• philosophy of work��
• philosophy of sex��
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Emphasis will be placed on presenting different concepts and arguments as resources to critically understand, and constructively engage with, life and living. This will be facilitated through engagement with classic and/or contemporary philosophical texts and well as own lived experience and/or a wider selection of academic and popular texts and media.�� ��

Analyse political challenges and crises in the global economy. This module covers issues like sovereign default, free��trade��and climate change, using theories from international relations and political economy to understand global politics.

Understand the factors driving political violence, including interstate wars, civil��wars��and terrorism. This module applies various theories to real-world cases to analyse why and how state and non-state actors use force to achieve political goals.

This module examines the controversial relationship between populism and democracy. It surveys key theoretical developments in democratic theory and the populist literature to compare mainstream and alternative definitions/conceptualisations of populism. The modules examines the problematic relationship of elites (‘the 1%’) – whether financial, social or political – in relation to liberal democracy and the masses (‘the 99%’). It explores concepts and events key to the populist surge, such as ‘post-truth’ politics, the polarisation of politics, the ‘friend/enemy’ relation, ‘us versus them’ relation, ‘elites’, ‘democratic leadership’, ‘representation’, the 2019 prorogation of the British Parliament, and ‘identification’.

You will have the opportunity to examine a range of different progressive and regressive populist leaders/associations, such as: Donald Trump, Vikor Orbán, Hugo Chávez, Brexit 2016, the UK general election 2019, the Yellow vests movement, the Danish People’s Party, Fidesz, the People’s Party, Occupy, Syriza, Podemos, Jobbik and Alternative for Germany.

Explore the politics and discourses around extremism and the multiple responses to extremism by states, the international system��and civil society actors. This module covers various ideologies and approaches to countering terrorism and extremism, helping you understand the politics and ethics of extremism from multiple vantage points.

Understand��the international role of the European Union. This module covers the foreign policy, security and economic policies of the EU and EU member states.

Investigate the ethical foundations and moral justifications of capitalism. This module examines the benefits and criticisms of capitalism, exploring issues like poverty,��exploitation��and environmental destruction.��You'll��develop analytical skills to assess the moral implications of economic orders.

Understand the relationship between the Middle East and the rest of the world. This module covers key events and themes like the Cold War, the Arab Spring��and terrorism, providing a deeper understanding of the region's contemporary challenges.

This module explores the causes and consequences of Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine. It examines the decision to go to war, the unfolding��conflict��and its international implications.

Investigate the relationship between ethnic groups and political conflict. This module examines the rise of nationalism, the role of identity in populist mobilisation��and the strategies governments use to manage diversity, using examples from Asia, Africa,��Europe��and North America.

This module will cover a selection of topics in contemporary metaethics. You will track the key moves in the development of metaethics, while also interrogating the assumptions made about the subject throughout its development. You’ll draw on some work in non-Western metaethics to challenge the metaethical ‘cannon’ and look at key areas such as moral realism and antirealism and moral motivation.����

Each year, the module will cover a selection of the following topics:��

• moral psychology: what is it to be motivated to do something? What is a moral agent?��
• morality and self-interest: what are the connections between morality and self-interest? Do we always have reason to be moral?��
• moral realism: why might we think moral facts exist? What might be the different ways of understanding moral facts?��
• moral anti-realism: if there are no objective moral facts, how should we understand our moral practice?��
• metaethics and God: divine command and desire theories��
• moral semantics: what is the distinctive meaning of ethical terms? Can ethical terms be defined?��